Miguel Ángel Moratinos (United Nations Under-Secretary-General, High-Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

André Azoulay (Counsellor to H.M. King Mohammed VI, Morocco) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Massimo d'Alema (Prime Minister of Italy 1998-2000; Minister of Foreign Affairs 2006-8) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Hiba Husseini (Former Chair of the Legal Committee to Final Status Negotiations between the Palestinians and Israelis) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Yossi Beilin (Former Minister of Justice of Israel; Leading “Architect” of the Oslo Accords & the Geneva Initiative) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh (Chair of the Alba Party, Scotland; Former Member of the British Parliament) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Humza Yousaf (First Minister of Scotland (2023-24)) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Nitzan Horowitz (Former Israeli Minister for Health; Former Head of the Merez Party) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Robert Serry (United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process 2007-15) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Ann Linde (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden 2019-22) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Erkki Tuomioja (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland 2000-07, 2011-15) »

The Berlin Initiative: "For a Diplomatic Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"
(Launch Event, Potsdam; March 3-6th, 2025) More »

Human Rights Introduction

December 21, 1972

The Basic Treaty and the improvement of diplomatic relations between the two Germanies

In East Berlin, the Basic Treaty between the two Germanies assures their division. The Secretary of States of the FRG and GDR, Egon Bohr and Michael Kohl, respectively, sign the treaty following prolonged negotiations. As a result, diplomatic relations are strengthened; each recognises their sovereignties respectively; and, equally so, the international community recognises the two Germanies.

Miguel Ángel Moratinos (United Nations Under-Secretary-General, High-Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations) »

André Azoulay (Counsellor to H.M. King Mohammed VI, Morocco) »

Massimo d'Alema (Prime Minister of Italy 1998-2000; Minister of Foreign Affairs 2006-8) »

Hiba Husseini (Former Chair of the Legal Committee to Final Status Negotiations between the Palestinians and Israelis) »

Yossi Beilin (Former Minister of Justice of Israel; Leading “Architect” of the Oslo Accords & the Geneva Initiative) »

Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh (Chair of the Alba Party, Scotland; Former Member of the British Parliament) »

Humza Yousaf (First Minister of Scotland (2023-24)) »

Nitzan Horowitz (Former Israeli Minister for Health; Former Head of the Merez Party) »

Robert Serry (United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process 2007-15) »

Ann Linde (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden 2019-22) »

Erkki Tuomioja (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland 2000-07, 2011-15) »

December 21, 1972

The Basic Treaty and the improvement of diplomatic relations between the two Germanies

Our Projects »

Our Programs »

Contact Us